1	Passive Component Selection
2	Resistors
3	Power Rating
4	Power Rating Determination Calculator
5	Pulsed Power
6	Power De-rating
7	Voltage Rating
8	Tolerance
9	Temperature Coefficient (TC or TCR)
10	Noise
11	Stability
12	Thermal EMF
13	Things to Consider When Picking a Resistor Mechanical design How will it be handled How hot will it get Environment Flammability Usage Is the resistance value needed standard? Resistance variability in circuit Minimum required power rating Frequency operation
14	1% Standard Valued Resistors
15	Resistor Types Wirewound Precision Wirewound Power Wirewound Film Metal Film (Thick and Thin Film) Carbon Film Power Carbon Composition Foil Metal Oxide Variable Zero ohm resistors (jumpers)
16	Wirewound
17	Precision Wirewound Tolerances down to 0.005% Very low TCR Temperature range is 85^oC – 125^oC Little noise, only contact noise Power handling is low, but higher power is available with heat sinks
18	Power Wirewound Are similar in characteristics to precision wire wound, but designed for a lot more power Can handle more power per unit volume than any other resistor Cores have high thermal conductivity Chassis mount are usually cylindrically wound on a ceramic core, molded and pressed into an aluminum heat sink that usually contains heat radiating fins They should be mounted to metal plates or a chassis to further aid in thermal conduction
19	Wirewound Applications Voltage divider circuits Power supply bleeder resistors Series dropping resistors DC amplifiers Voltmeter multipliers Meters Laboratory test equipment Switching and linear power supplies Power amplifiers
20	Film Most stable resistors for high frequencies Low cost and come in all sizes Have low TCRs Best in applications having fast rise times or high frequencies Used in applications requiring higher stability and precision than carbon resistors provide Good for AC applications Chip film resistors have high stability when exposed to harsh environments over long periods of time
21	Carbon vs. Metal Film
22	Carbon Composition
23	Bulk-Metal (Foil)
24	Metal Oxide Can maintain high temperatures and electrical overloads Have moderate to precision characteristics Flameproof Resistant to external heat and humidity Small sized power type come in a 0.5W to 5W range Tolerances range from 1 to 5% TCR’s are around 300ppm Resistance values exceed those of wire wound resistors Adequate electrical and mechanical stability High reliability
25	Variable Resistance Taper – Logarithmic or Linear Hard to make perfect logarithmic taper, but fairly similar Use for audio applications Resolution – Smallest change in resistance that can be made by wiper Wire wounds and those using etched bulk metal have low resolution Carbon composition, hot molded carbon, or cement are better Contact Resistance – Resistance between the wiper and the main resistor Affects the resolution Creates noise on the pot, both when it’s changing and when it’s fixed Hop-on, Hop-off resistance – Change in resistance when the wiper hops off the main resistor Not easy to make a pot without this drawback Best to keep this below 1% of the total resistance of the element Digital or analog Analog pots are designed by applying a digital code to the resistor leads Resistance is controlled by an array of digitally controlled switches that add or subtract segments of an integrated array of single resistor elements
26	Zero Ω Resistors (jumpers)
27	NTC Thermistors
28	NTC Thermistor Applications
29	PTC Thermistors
30	PTC Applications
31	Capacitors Defined as energy storage components used to store and release energy at predicted amounts of time High pass or low-pass filters Used to block DC while passing AC signals Allows DC to pass, while routing AC to ground (decoupling) Diverts unwanted frequencies (bypassing) Used in filter networks, LC resonant circuits, RC snubber circuits,…
32	Capacitor Specifications DC working voltage (DCWV) Capacitor Leakage (RL) Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) Equivalent Series Inductance (ESL) Dissipation Factor (DF) or Tangent Delta Dielectric Absorption (DA) Temperature Coefficient (TC) Insulation Resistance (IR) Quality Factor (Q)
33	DC Working Voltage (DCWV)
34	Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR)
35	Equivalent Series Inductance (ESL)
36	Dielectric Absorption (DA)
37	Insulation Resistance (IR)
38	Things to Consider When Picking a Capacitor Environment Temperature Frequency Voltage Current Cost Capacitance Size Signal Distortion
39	Standard Capacitor Values
40	Capacitor Types Trimmer (Variable) Electrolytic Aluminum Tantalum Film Polyester Polypropylene Mica Ceramic Ultra-stable or temperature compensating Semi-stable Hi-K Polystyrene Super-Capacitors
41	Trimmer Capacitors Designated as tuning capacitors They use ceramic or plastic dielectrics Typically are found in the pF range
42	Vacuum
43	Aluminum Electrolytic
44	Tantalum Electrolytic
45	Non-Polar Electrolytic Capacitors
46	Metal Film
47	Ceramic Single Layer vs. Multi Layer
48	3 Types of Ceramics
49	Supercapacitors
50	BMW X3
51	Inductors Basic task is to prevent any sudden changes in current from flowing through it Used to resist high frequency signals Used for resonant circuits Used to create filter networks Used to store energy for power supplies
52	Inductor Specifications Tolerance Direct current resistance Incremental current Maximum DC current Saturation current Self-resonant frequency Quality Factor Inductance temperature coefficient Resistance temperature coefficient Currie temperature Magnetic saturation flux density Electromagnetic interference
53	Tolerance
54	Maximum DC Current (IDC)
55	Quality Factor
56	Magnetic Saturation Flux Density (B_sat)
57	Inductor Types Multilayer chip inductors Molded inductors Shielded inductors Conformal coated inductors Chokes High current Hash RF Balun Common mode Toroids Pot cores Air coils Adjustable Ferrite beads Ceramic core Ferrite Core Current sense
58	Multilayer Chip Inductor
59	Shielded Inductors
60	Chokes
61	Transformers
62	Transformer Specifications
63	Transformer Types Power Audio Air core RF Ferrite and powdered iron toroidal Pulse and small signal Current Gate Drive
64	Power Transformers
65	Air Core RF Transformers
66	Pulse and Small Signal Transformers
67	Transformer Precautions Never apply a voltage that is greater than the transformer winding rating Never allow a significant direct current to flow through any winding not designed for it Don’t operate a transformer outside the range specified by the manufacturer
68	Resources http://www.microwaves101.com/encyclopedia/resistormath.cfm http://powerelectronics.com/passive_components_packaging_interconnects/magnetics/gate-drive-transformer-design-guide-0107/ www.geocities.com/.../data_book/resistors.html www.ami.ac.uk http://electrochem.cwru.edu/ed/encycl/art-c04-electr-cap.htm Paul Scherz, Practical Electronics for Inventors 2^nd edition, McGraw Hill 2007 Cletus J. Kaiser, The Inductor Handbook, CJ Publishing 1996 Cletus J. Kaiser, The Capacitor Handbook, CJ Publishing 1995 Cletus J. Kaiser, The Resistor Handbook, CJ Publishing
69	Illustration Resources